Croatian photographer captures the ruins of Yugoslavia
Borko Vukosav says he was born in one country with two alphabets, three languages, four religions, five nationalities, and six republics. Yugoslavia no longer exists, but its stories come to life in his images.
A billion dollar ruin
A military resort Kupari situated on the Croatian coast near Dubrovnik was built exclusively for the highest ranking Yugoslav officers and retired generals. It was financed by the country's military budget and is said to have ended up costing the modern-day equivalent of a billion dollars. During the war, the complex was abandoned and looted. Borko Vukosav captured the scene then and now.
Full metal mountain
Seen both then and now, Željava Air Base, an underground airport, was an important military complex in former Yugoslavia. In 1968, it was built on the border between Croatia and Bosnia in complete secrecy by political prisoners who were forced to labor there. The airbase was destroyed in 1992 by the Yugoslav National Army during its withdrawal from the region to avoid use by other factions.
The last stand
It was of the utmost importance for all six Yugoslav republics to be protected by the air fleet of the Željava airport. Generals used to come to Željava's hidden rooms to present military strategies intended to defend the country from external threats. Today, one dilapidated aircraft guards the Croatian-Bosnian border. It is one of Vukosav's photos now on show at the Format Festival in the UK.
A forgotten battle
this monument to the uprising of the people of Kordun and Banija on Petrova Gora commemorates the approximately 300 Serb peasants who died in the very place during the 1942 attack by the Independent State of Croatia's Ustaše Militia. It stands as a symbol of the Yugoslav resistance against the Nazi during World War II, even though the structure has been decaying since 1991.
Lakes of the past
In 1942, hundreds of Serb children died in the concentration camp established in Jastrebarsko by the Independent State of Croatia. After World War II, the military base built nearby the camp was home to the elite forces of former Yugoslavia. Nowadays, the lakes created by bombs and missile tests are a reminder of the region's unsettling history.
Marxist education
The political school of Yugoslavia's President Josip Broz Tito was founded in Kurovec, his hometown, in 1975. Its only aim was to teach and spread the ideology of Marxism. In the present day, the complex is deliberately neglected and left to crumble as it symbolises the era of socialism, something that the current political scene in Croatia considers immoral.
All eyes on Sarajevo
The XIV Winter Olympic Games that took place in Sarajevo in 1984 were watched by 60,000 Yugoslav citizens in the stadium alone. This bobsled and luge track, built on a hill overlooking the city, was one of the few structures that were used even after the games were over until the beginning of the war. The city council has been making steps to reopen the track, pictured then and now, since 2015.
Bananas, mines, and celebrities
Originally an Italian trade ship and later a minelayer used by Nazi Germany, "Galeb” was Tito's personal yacht as of 1951. Tito considered airplanes unsafe and hard to protect, so he used the ship to travel across the globe. He hosted Winston Churchill, Nikita Khrushchev, Kirk Douglas and Elizabeth Taylor on board. Today, the ship is docked in Rijeka and is considered a piece of cultural heritage.