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海洋爭議:台灣活動空間有限

2013年5月14日

新近台—菲海上糾紛引德語媒體關注。《新蘇黎世報》撰文指出,鑑於台灣在國際間外交地位有限,解決同菲律賓之間的爭議恐非易事。

https://p.dw.com/p/18XWC
unbeschriftet --- DW-Grafik: Peter Steinmetz 2010_08_31 Südchinesisches Meer
圖片來源: DW

(德國之聲中文網)本月9日,菲律賓公務船上海警在「主權重疊水域」射擊台灣漁船,導致1名台灣漁民死亡,引起台灣民眾和當局強烈反彈。在民眾連日舉行抗議示威的同時,台灣政府向菲律賓政府發出72小時最後通牒,要求菲方在15日零時前就射殺事件作出正式道歉、懲凶、賠償,否則台方將採取凍結菲勞工、召回「駐菲代表」等制裁措施。《新蘇黎世報》5月14日刊登的一篇記者從東京發來的文章這樣寫道:

「自有50多個槍眼的漁船返抵台灣,憤怒的浪潮高漲。台灣總統馬英九表示,菲方的殘暴令人發指,是非法處死。馬所在的國民黨一名議員甚至要求一戰:台灣應發動攻擊,擊沉所有在有爭議水域的菲律賓船隻。據台灣媒體報導,在民眾關於對漁民保護不夠的批評壓力下,台灣海警隊派出三艘裝備火炮的大型巡邏船,並得到一艘護衛艦和海軍直升機的護航。

A handout photo shows members of the Philippines Navy inspecting one of eight Chinese fishing boats spotted in the Scarborough Shoal, a small group of rocky formations whose sovereignty is contested by the Philippines and China, in the South China Sea, about 124 nautical miles off the main island of Luzon April 10, 2012. The Philippines and China traded diplomatic protests on Wednesday over a standoff in the shoal, a jointly claimed area in the South China Sea, but Manila ruled out the use of force in its enforcement of local maritime laws. Picture taken April 10, 2012. REUTERS/Philippine Navy Handout (PHILIPPINES - Tags: POLITICS MILITARY MARITIME) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS
南中國海上的漁船檢查圖片來源: Reuters

「為避免未來發生類似事件,台北希望同馬尼拉達成共享漁業資源協定。該協定的榜樣是台灣同日本達成的關於共享有爭議的釣魚台/尖閣諸島漁業資源協定。馬尼拉方面迄今對此興趣不大,原因是,它擔心北京動怒。菲律賓只同北京有正式外交關係。如果其它國家同台北簽訂協議,北京會作出極其敏感的反應,因為,它視台灣為一個暫時分離的省份。……通過(與台灣簽訂的)這一協定,東京得以阻止北京和台北之間形成同盟關係。而菲律賓同北京之間的力量對比關係則明顯失衡。現在,菲律賓人已經難以在南中國海向以咄咄逼人姿態出現的中國還以顏色,因而尋求聯合國的幫助。」

Two Chinese surveillance ships which sailed between a Philippines warship and eight Chinese fishing boats to prevent the arrest of Chinese fishermen in the Scarborough Shoal, a small group of rocky formations whose sovereignty is contested by the Philippines and China, about 124 nautical miles off the Philippine island of Luzon, are seen in the South China Sea in this April 10, 2012 file photo. China withdrew one of three ships engaged in a standoff with Philippines vessels in a disputed area of the South China Sea on April 13, 2012 as both sides pursued talks to defuse the dispute. REUTERS/Philippine Army Handout/Files (PHILIPPINES - Tags: POLITICS MILITARY MARITIME) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS
戰艦在南中國海上游弋圖片來源: Reuters

文章指出,菲律賓尚且如此,地位更弱的台灣的活動空間便更加有限:

「台灣沒有這樣的可能性。中華民國—這是它的正式稱呼—目前只受到23個國家的外交承認,因中國的否決而被排除在大的國際組織之外,在外交上相當孤立。作為最密切盟友的美國對台灣的支持也以不嚴重損害同中國之間的更重要的關係為界限。中國通過官方媒體建議(台灣),共同對付菲律賓。然而,台灣人對這一擁抱的憂慮幾乎等同於對(國際)孤立的憂慮。」

布魯塞爾式貿易保護

《法蘭克福匯報》繼續關注歐中之間新近以光伏產業為代表的商貿糾紛,擔心爭議演變成貿易戰。該報周二(5月14日)刊登的一篇署名文章批評歐盟採取貿易保護主義的做法,指出,最終受害者將是普通納稅人:

A Chinese paramilitary police officer reacts to having his photograph taken in front of the image of the European Union (EU) flag at the EU embassy in Beijing, China, 02 November 2007. EU officials are proposing increased anti-dumping measures following continued accusations that China is engaging in unfair trade practices, causing friction in bilateral relations. EU steel producers and textile manufacturers claim China hoards an enormous trade surplus while maintaining strict trade barriers. The EU is China's largest trading partner, ahead of the US and Japan, as Chinese exports to the EU increased nearly 21 percent year-on-year in 2006, according to the European Commission. EPA/MICHAEL REYNOLDS +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++
歐中其實均不願發生貿易戰圖片來源: picture-alliance / dpa

「反傾銷程序一類手段在現代世界已然過時。就像其它多數商品一樣,目前,光伏電池板的生產分佈全球,歐盟市場的封閉幾乎總會間接影響到歐洲自己的供應商。……歐委會未來還要擴大這一手段,甚至是在沒有工業界起訴的情況下啟動反傾銷程序,這就更令人費解。因為,如此一來,該程序會超過以往,更易於蛻變成一種貿易保護主義工具。歐盟機構慣稱自己是自由貿易主義者,但在具體實踐上,僅有口頭表示於事無補。對那些將與美國的談判視為啟動世界市場進一步開放的人而言,這該是一種警示。相關的談判情形相若。出現一個以中國為敵的堡壘,並非不可能。」

摘編:凝煉

責編:葉宣

[摘編自其它媒體,不代表德國之聲觀點]