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挪威凶犯将渡过21年铁窗生活

2012年8月24日

导致77人死亡的挪威凶犯布雷维克(Anders Behring Breivik)制造了骇人听闻的爆炸和枪击事件13个月之后,挪威法院对其做出了最高判决。他将在监狱中度过21年的铁窗生活。

https://p.dw.com/p/15wN4
Norwegian mass killer Anders Behring Breivik (C) arrives in the court room at Oslo Courthouse August 24, 2012. The Norwegian court delivers its verdict in the ten-week trial of gunman Breivik on Friday, deciding whether to send the anti-Muslim militant to jail or a mental hospital for the massacre of 77 people last summer. REUTERS/Heiko Junge/NTB Scanpix/Pool (NORWAY - Tags: CRIME LAW)
布雷维克在法庭上图像来源: Reuters

(德国之声中文网) 2011年7月22日,布雷维克先是在奥斯陆政府区引爆一枚炸弹,导致8人死亡,之后他又前往于特岛,枪杀了参加社民党青年夏令营活动的69名成员,其中大部分是年轻人。这一事件令整个国家感到震惊。
 

布雷维克理智清醒

周五,(8月24日)安德斯·贝林·布雷维克被判处有期徒刑21年。 这是挪威的最高刑期。不过刑满之后,如果布雷维克仍可能对社会构成威胁,他还有可能被加刑,每次不超过5年。

根据法院的裁决,布雷维克属于精神正常,这也是他本人所期待的判决结果。此前,法官们在这一问题上存在意见分歧。而且许多挪威居民也感到费解的是,如果一个人精神正常,又怎能做出如此丧心病狂地举动。
 

Norway's King Harald (R) and Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg attend a wreath laying ceremony during a ceremony to mark the one year anniversary of the twin Oslo-Utoeya massacre by self confessed killer Anders Breivik, near the heavily damaged government building in Oslo July 22, 2012. REUTERS/Berit Roald/NTB Scanpix/Pool (NORWAY - Tags: POLITICS ROYALS ANNIVERSARY CIVIL UNREST TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY)
哀悼遇难者图像来源: Reuters

来自中产阶级家庭

一年多前的一个周五下午,奥斯陆政府区发生炸弹爆炸事件,导致8人丧生。事件发生后,很多人认为可能是伊斯兰恐怖分子实施的炸弹袭击。实际上,制造爆炸案的凶犯却是一个仇视穆斯林的挪威极右恐怖分子。

凶犯布雷维克出身于挪威一个中产阶级家庭。此前其行为并没有太多地引起人们的注意。他曾加入挪威右翼民粹主义政党-挪威进步党。直到事件发生后,挪威人才尤其感到震惊。因为人们一直认为,遭受伊斯兰恐怖袭击的可能性虽然不大,但毕竟还存在着可能性。但是谁也没有料到,如此恐怖的袭击,会是一名本国右翼极端分子所为。显然,挪威人从没有意识到这种危险性。
 

挪威居民完全以自己的方式对该事件做出反应。如果是伊斯兰分子制造了此次袭击事件,估计并不会引起大规模的民众抗议集会。但是这一次情形完全不同。事件发生后,成千上万的挪威人走上街头举行示威,哀悼遇难者。参加者包括外来移民,挪威人,议会中各政党代表等等。所有人都为表达一个共同的心愿,他们不能接受挪威社会的这部分。当时的挪威首相斯托尔滕贝格(Stoltenberg)说: "我们的答复是,我们将更加民主,更加开放,更加人性化,但绝不能过于天真。"

Members of AUF (The Labour Youth Organisation) sit with guests and relatives of those who died a year ago, on Utoeya island July 22, 2012, during the one year anniversary of the twin Oslo-Utoeya massacre by self confessed killer Anders Behring Breivik. Breivik, who said his mostly teenage victims were traitors because they supported multiculturalism and Muslim immigration, detonated a bomb outside parliament that killed eight, then shot dead 69 at the ruling Labour Party's youth camp on Utoeya. AUF Chairman Eskil Pedersen (2nd L), Norway's Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg (3rd L), Norway's former Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland (5th R), Denmark's Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt (3rd R) , Swedish social democratic politician Mona Sahlin (2nd R) and Norway's Foreign Minister Jonas Gahr Stoere (R) sit in the front row. REUTERS/Heiko Junge/NTB Scanpix (NORWAY - Tags: POLITICS CIVIL UNREST ANNIVERSARY TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY) THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS. NORWAY OUT. NO COMMERCIAL OR EDITORIAL SALES IN NORWAY. NO COMMERCIAL SALES
哀悼集会图像来源: Reuters

警方疏忽 缺乏防范

法院宣布判决前不久曾公布的一份量刑调查报告表明,不仅有人天真地认为,在挪威不可能有人只因这种混乱的思维便做出如此残忍的事情,而且还有人错误地认为,所有国家机构工作无误。实际上挪威的国家机构工作作风相当马虎。秘密情报局此前已经在互联网上发现了凶犯的一些蛛丝马迹,但是却没有采取任何防范行动。而且在发生袭击事件时,警方也有很多失误。否则有可能阻止凶犯对年轻人的大屠杀,至少可以早些制止这一暴行。

Oeystein Maeland (centre), Norwegian director of police, Sissel Hammer (left) police chief in Northern Buskerud police district, which has jurisdiction over Uoeya island, and chief of police in Oslo, Anstein Gjengedal (right) meet the press in Oslo, Monday Aug. 13, 2012. An independent commission said on Monday that Norwegian police could have prevented or interrupted the bomb and gun attacks carried out by Anders Behring Breivik last year. Breivik, 33, has admitted to the bombing of the government's headquarters in Oslo, which killed eight people and the subsequent shooting spree at a youth camp on Utoya island that left 69 dead, more than half of them teenagers. (AP Photo / Cornelius Poppe / NTB scanpix) NORWAY OUT
挪威警方图像来源: AP

该案庭审的结束给挪威人带来希望。因为法庭的判决维护了受害者的尊严,也使罪犯受到应有的惩罚。它表明,法院可以对这样的案件进行系统的处理,以免成为国家永久的包袱。

作者:Clemens Bomsdorf   编译:李京慧

责编:文木