Shekaru 75 bayan kai agaji ta sama Berlin

Jirgin sama mallakar Amurka kirar C-47, rataye a saman ginin gidan adana kayan tarihi na fasaha da ke tsakiyar birnin Berlin. Ya kasance alama ta wani abu da ya faru a tarihin Berlin da kuma gagarumin aikin kai dauki. Daga watan Yunin 1948, kasashen kawance sun kai kayan agaji ta jiragen sama a Berlin bayan da Tarayar Soviet ta rufe birnin.

Bayan kammala yakin duniya na biyu, Tarayyar Soviet da Amurka da Birtaniya da Faransa da suka yi nasara sun raba Jamus zuwa yankuna hudu. Birnin Berlin da ke karkashin Tarayyar Soviet, shi ma an raba shi zuwa yankuna hudu. A ranar 24 ga watan Yunin 1948, Soviet din ta rufe duka hanyoyi na ruwa da na kasa da ake bi zuwa Jamus ta Yamma tare da katse hasken wutar lantarki.

A ranar 25 ga watan Yunin 1948, gwamnan mulkin soja na Amurka Lucius D. Clay ya umurci a fara kai daukin kayan masarufi zuwa Berlin ta Yamma. Kwana guda bayan nan, jirgin sama na farko dauke da kayan agajin ya isa filin saukar jiragen sama na Tempelhof da ke karkashin ikon Amurkan da ya zama hanyar zirga-zirga a wannan lokaci. Masu yawon bude ido, na ziyartar filin da aka daina amfani da shi.

Kasashen kawancen yammacin duniya, sun kai dauki kayan masarufi da jiragen sama zuwa Berlin ta Yamma, tare da ceto al'umma daga mutuwa saboda yunwa. A wannan lokaci, kawancen ya samar da hanyoyin sama na kai dauki guda uku domin jiragen da ke sauka da kayan agajin biyu ga jiragen da suke sauke kaya daya kuma ga jiragen da suke komawa, inda aka kai ton miliyan biyu da dubu 300 cikin watanni 14.

Filin jiragen sama na Gatow ya zama na biyu mafi muhimmanci, wajen shigar da kaya yayin da aka rufe birnin. Yana yankin da ke karkshin Birtaniya, inda ta yi amfani da shi wajen kai man fetur da wasu kayayyaki tare da kwashe marasa lafiya da yara kanana. A yanzu filin da aka daina amfani da shi, na zaman wajen baje kayan tarihin sojoji matuka jiragen sama na Jamus.

Har zuwa lokacin da aka rufe shi a shekara ta 2019, filin jiragen sama na Tegel na zaman hanyar da baki daga kasa da kasa ke bi wajen shiga birnin Berlin. Sai dai kalilan ne suka san yana da alaka da kai kayan agaji zuwa Berlin din. An dai fara gininsa ne, a shekara ta 1948.

A lokacin waki'ar ta 1948, Faransa ta kammala hanyar jiragen sama mafi tsayi a Turai a wannan lokaci cikin watanni uku kacal. Al'ummar Berlin ta Yamma dubu 19, sun taimaka musu. A ranar biyar ga watan Nuwamba na wannan shekarar, cibiya ta uku ta kai daukin kayan agaji da jiragen sama a Berlin ta fara aiki.

Ana kiran jiragen kawance da ke safarar kayan agajin da "bama-baman inibi". Kasancewar matuka jiragen saman Amurka na jefo fakiti kunshe da cakulan da cingam a wasu lokutan kuma da inibi domin farin cikin al'ummar Berlin ta Yamma, kafin daga bisani su sauka da kayan agajin.

Baki na sanin tarihi mai yawa dangane da kai kayan agaji ta sama zuwa Berlin a lokacin yakin cacar baka a gidan adana kayan tarihi na Allied a gundumar Dahlem da ke Berlin din. A wancan lokaci, wajen na karkashin ikon Amurka. Ana ganin yadda a lokacin da jiragen saman ke aikin kai agajin, wadana ke gaba da juna a lokacin yaki suka zama abokai.

Kasashen kawance sun kai agajin abincin gwangwani da busassun kayan marmari da madara ta gari da coffee da wasu kayayyaki masu yawa zuwa yammacin Berlin. A yanzu ana ajiye misalin irin wadannan kayayyaki a gidan adana kayan tarihin na Allied. A wancan lokaci, kayan sun taimaka matuka. Ita ma wata kungiyar agajin Amurka mai zaman kanta, ta yi amfani da jiragenta wajen kai agaji Berlin ta Yamma.

Bayan lokacin hunturu na 1948, an sare bishiyu da dama a filin shakatawa na Tiergarten da ke Berlin saboda al'umma na tsananin bukatar itace girki. A lokacin bazara a shekara ta 1949, jiragen kasashen kawancen sun fara kai daukin tsirrai domin yin dashe da farfado da wajen shakatawar.

Magajin garin birnin Berlin Ernst Reuter ne ya yi wadannan kalamai, a jawabin da ya gabatar a ranar tara ga watan Satumba na 1948 a gaban rushasshen ginin majalisar dokoki da ake kira da Reichstag. Ya yi kira ga al'ummar duniya da ka da su bari Tarayyar Soviet ta kwace iko da birnin, a daidai lokacin da Reuter ya bukaci al'ummar Berlin ta Yamma su adana kayan abinci.

Lokacin da jiragen saman ke kai kayan agaji Berlin, matuka jiragen sama 78 sun halaka sakamakon hadarin da suka yi a yayin da suke isa birnin. An samar da taswirar da ke alamta jiragen da suka kai agaji Berlin a shekara ta 1951, domin tunawa da su. Taswirar na dauke da dirkoki uku, wadanda ke nuna hanyoyi uku da aka yi amfani da su wajen shigar da kayan agajin. Ana kiransa da "hunger claw."

An kawo kkar shen kai kayan agajin ta jiragen sama a ranar 12 ga watan Mayu na 1949, bayan Tarayyar Soviet ta ga babu nasara a rufe birnin. Bayan shekara guda, Amurkawa sun mika kyautar kararrawar Liberty ga al'ummar Berlin ta Yamma. Janar Lucius D. Clay da ake kira da baban kai agaji ta sama ne ya kaddamar da ita. Tana kadawa a kullum da hansti, domin tunawa da waki'ar ta shekarun 1948 zuwa 1949.